Iran’s transhumant populations constitute a unique opportunity for research in light of their special social and cultural characteristics. While technology has reduced the role of animals in human societies, they remain important in various contexts, including transhumant life, for guarding and transport, and as game. Dogs have had a prominent position in the Iranian literature, mysticism, folklore, and oral traditions. This article examines the role of dogs in the life of Boyrahmadi transhumant population in terms of economic value, social relations, and popular beliefs and rituals