https://jnoe.ut.ac.ir/ Sociological Review en daily 1 Tue, 22 Jun 2010 00:00:00 +0430 Tue, 22 Jun 2010 00:00:00 +0430 https://jnoe.ut.ac.ir/article_20827.html Collective Identity forms a major area of interest within the contemporary sociology.In Iran and Iraq discussion on this topic began with the rise of modern state.Today , due to Iran and Iraqs multi-ethnic make up and also due to the process of globalization, the discussion of identity has gaind an added momentum.The main goal of this article is to descibe and analyse the dominant type of collective identity amongst Iranian and Iraqi kurds.Theoretically, the article is based on an integrative conceptual framework by which main questions and hypotheses are developed. A multiple methods(documentary and survey method)were used and the data were collected by using macro and micro questionnaires ,which had already been checked for reliability and validity.the population of the research consists of all members of Iranian and Iraqi kurds which residing in the cities of Sanandaj,Sardasht, Erbil and Benselave.over 1060 persons were selected through a multi-stage cluster sampling method. https://jnoe.ut.ac.ir/article_20828.html The review of situation of rural communities in Iran indicates that social welfare programs and rural development don’t adapt with sustainable development patterns. Because these programs could not achieve goals in all areas, had most effects in rural communities. In this research information gathered through documental and laboratory study then new findings and results from secondary analysis developed. sustainable development conceptualized for this study by three main dimension: integrated development, social justice and environmental considerations. The findings show that poverty, deprivation and inequality in rural communities is more than urban areas, and also social welfare programs and rural development have not reduced increasingly problems of rural communities. In the rural development programs, agricultural and infrastructural activities dominated without any specific effective result. The process of increasingly environmental destruction and wilderness development in pastures is considerable. https://jnoe.ut.ac.ir/article_20829.html The literature is considered as a social product. By studying the literature we can access new sociocultural elements. Although historical literature looks for discovery and explanation of the problem from different angle, but even can’t be reduced to the writer’s inner and outer reflexes. The basic question of the present study, is understanding of the literature field situation and reconstructing of the city space in the saedi’s works, in the 1340-50 decades. To gain this aim the researchers of this paper have selected three Saedi’s books Which are restricted to the subject of the city. In the present article pierre Bourdiu structuralism concept is used for data analysis. The methodology employed for this work is also pirere Bourdiu’s literature theory. ... https://jnoe.ut.ac.ir/article_20830.html During recent years, different communities and classes have been shaped in Tehran aiming to teach new ways of “living a better life”. Members of these communities, whose foundation is based on different viewpoints such as psychology and mysticism, are seeking a way of living in which they will be able to combine spiritual practices with prosperity, success, and perfection. The aim of this research is to investigate the functions and characteristics of such communities and their effects on the lifestyle of their members, and to examine the contribution of these communities to the formation of new religious behaviors in the society.... https://jnoe.ut.ac.ir/article_20831.html Fear of crime is a very prevalent issue today. It challenges the safety of cities. For this reason it has gained considerable attention among the sociologists and criminologists over the last 20 years. Whilst men experiencing relatively high rates of violence, they report their fear of crime less than women. In the contrary women have a much greater fear of crime than men, but are victimized less than men. Women’s fear comes mostly from their vulnerability to sexual harassment. However, fear of crime is real and it affects people’s quality of life. The intention of this paper is to present a perspective on debates surrounding women’s experience and fear of crime. This paper draws an original data collected from in depth interview with 50 selected respondents in Tehran. ... https://jnoe.ut.ac.ir/article_20832.html The evidences imply that the violation of the norms of traditional and official culture, either publicly or secretly, have become popular among a part of the youths to such an extent which makes it possible to discuss the formation of a subculture contrary to the dominant official culture of the country. During the past years, this fact has caused some worriment in regards of some youths’ fidelity to the Islamic cultural norms and values of the country. Besides, there have been debates and discussions over the reasons of contravening the official and traditional norms and the definition of the breakers’ acts. Some consider the cultural deviations as sorts of protest to the dominant culture and the political system, that is, those who do not attach legitimacy and popularity to the political sovereignty and the dominant culture, express their opposition by neglecting its cultural symbols. ... https://jnoe.ut.ac.ir/article_20833.html Religious organizations ,as the most remarkable center for bewailing rituals, associated with the moral, cultural and social life of believers; hence it reflects the cultural –religious and even economic life of them.Islamic Revolution initiated transformation in attitude and life slyle among people ; therby their perception of main elements of religious rituals converted in such a way that transformed them formally and contently. By the late 70s new religious organizations emerged whose identical elements and constructs differ from traditional one . The typology of religious organizations of women and their cultural and social charactristics are studied by quantitative an qualitative methods. In this study, three forms of religious organization among women are specified and described...