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This article analyzes the relationship between socioeconomic background and academic and career success among University of Tehran graduates in agriculture. Socioeconomic background variables used in this study included parents’ educational attainment, parents’ jobs, rural origin, and father’s agricultural origin. Academic success was measured by grade point average in the last year of high school, grade point average for bachelor’s degree, acceptance to graduate school, and overall undergraduate performance. Career success was measured according to employer’s opinion. A total of 655 graduates and 513 employers responded to the questionnaire survey. Regression analysis provides a number of insights. In particular, no relationship was established between rural and agricultural background and academic and career success, rural background.